Why might an asphalt pavement crack under heavy loads?

Asphalt pavement can crack under heavy loads due to multiple factors, each contributing to the structural integrity of the pavement. An increased temperature of the asphalt can cause the material to become softer, making it more susceptible to deformation and cracking when subjected to heavy loads.

Improper thickness of the pavement is a critical factor; if the pavement is not thick enough, it may not adequately support the weight of vehicles, leading to premature cracking. The thickness must be designed to withstand the expected traffic loads during its life cycle.

Inadequate asphalt binder content can also play a significant role in pavement durability. The binder serves as a glue that holds the aggregate together and provides flexibility to the pavement. If the binder content is insufficient, the pavement may be too rigid and not able to handle the stresses induced by heavy loads, resulting in cracks.

Because all these factors contribute to the likelihood of cracking under heavy loads, the option encompassing all of them is indeed the most comprehensive answer.