What formula is used to calculate the manual cross slope?

The formula to calculate the manual cross slope is derived from the definition of slope, which is a measure of the change in elevation (height) over the distance (length). In this context, "h" represents the vertical rise or height, and "l" represents the horizontal run or length.

The formula (h / l) x 100 allows for the calculation of the slope as a percentage. By dividing the height by the length, you obtain a ratio that represents how steep the slope is. Multiplying by 100 then converts this ratio into a percentage, making it easier to understand and communicate the slope's steepness in practical terms.

This percentage is a crucial value in asphalt paving, as it directly relates to drainage, road safety, and overall pavement performance. A properly calculated cross slope ensures that water drains off the roadway effectively, reducing the risk of hydroplaning and prolonging the lifespan of the pavement.

The other formulas provided do not accurately represent the standard mathematical relationship for calculating slope, hence they do not yield useful or correct information in this context.